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BULGARSK ER DET OFFISIELLE SPRÅKET I

BULGARIA

1. INNFØRING. All languages evolve with time. Due to migrations, or for other reasons, a single language can evolve into a whole family of related languages. The branch of linguistics, responsible for the classification of the world’s languages into families, is called comparative philology. Languages within a single family can diverge into different branches of languages. Still they remain related to a single ancestor from which they developed. Alternatively, languages can become interrelated for reasons of geographical closeness. Languages within one family share common grammatical and lexical features. The most widely studied and researched family of languages is the Indo-European. Indo-European languages are spoken on both the European continent and the Indian sub-continent, as well as in Iran (Persia). Some of the world’s most important languages belong to this group: English, Spanish, French, German and Russian, Portuguese). Other important languages in this group, spoken by millions of speakers, are Portuguese, Hindi, Urdu and Bengali. Branches within the Indo-

European language family include the following:

- The Anatolian branch (includes the now extinct Hittite and Lydian)

- The Armenian or Thracian branch (includes Armenian)

- The Baltic branch (includes Latvian and Lithuanian, as well as the now extinct Old Prussian)

- The Celtic branch (includes Breton, Welsh, Scottish & Irish Gaelic, as well as the now extinct Cornish, Gaulish, Manx and Cumbrian)

- The Germanic branch (includes English, German, Frisian, Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Faeroese and Yiddish)

- The Greek (or Hellenic) branch (includes Modern Greek, as well as the now extinct older forms of Greek)

- The Illyric branch (includes Albanian)

- The Indo-Aryan or Indic branch (includes

Hindi, Nepali, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati, Oriya, Marathi, Singhalese, as well as

the now extinct Sanskrit language)

- The Italic (also called Latin or Romance) branch (includes Italian,

French, Provencal, Rhaeto- Romanic, Spanish, Catalan,

Portuguese and Romanian) - The Iranian branch (includes modern Persian, also called Farsi or Iranian, Kurdish,

Pashto, Baluchi and Tadjik, as well as the now extinct Old Persian)

- The Slavic branch (inkluderer bulgarsk, makedonsk, serbisk, kroatisk, bosnisk, slovensk, tsjekkisk, slovakisk, poslk, sorbisk, russisk, ukraininsk og hviterussisk).

2. DET BULGARSKE SPRÅK. The Bulgarian language, official language of Bulgaria, is spoken by more than 9.2 million people around the world (7.7 million in Bulgaria itself). Language facts (1986): 7,986,000 in Bulgaria, 85% of the population (1986); 234,000 in Ukraine; 30,000 in Greece; 10,439 in Romania; 270,000 in Turkey; 361,000 in Moldova (1979 census). It is part of the Slavic branch of languages and as such, is closely related to the other Slavic languages (see above). Together with Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Slovenian, it forms the South Slavic group of the Slavic language. Like Serbian and Russian, Bulgarian uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Some consider Macedonian a dialect of Bulgarian, but this is a highly charged political issue hotly disputed by others. Macedonian is so close to the Bulgarian that people in those two countries can understand each other without the necessity of translation, much as Serbs and Croats do. Bulgarians regard Macedonian as a strain of their own language, while Macedonians insist it is a separate language. In Bulgaria itself it is spoken and understood by virtually the entire population. Some 15% of the country’s population (minority groups like Turks, Gypsies and Armenians) is considered to be essentially bilingual.

3. VIKTIGE TREKK. Bulgarian belongs to the Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages and has played an important part in their historical development. Old Bulgarian, also called Old Church Slavonic, has helped propel the Slavic languages literarily. It was considered one of the three major literary languages of Europe during the Middle Ages. When the scholarly brothers Cyril and Methodius devised the first Slavic alphabet in the 9^th century, it was first adapted by Bulgarian. Bulgarian has already at an earlier stage lost its case endings. Modern-day Bulgarian has no case forms, unlike its sister languages (Serbian, Russian, Polish etc.). Another grammatical feature that makes it unique among the Slavic languages is that it has a definite article that comes after the noun (as in the Scandinavian languages). For example: universitet (university) becomes universiteta (the university), kniga (book) becomes knigata (the book).

BULGARSK SPRÅK ONLINE

(Et utvalg fra internett)

GENERELL INFO

Bulgarian Language

I følge InfoPlease online leksikon.

Bulgarian Language

Generell info om bulgarsk.

Bulgarian Alphabet & Orthography

Viktig info om bulgarsk språk og språkhistorie. Bulgarsk uttale-guide.

The Complete Guide to the Bulgarian Cyrillic Alphabet

Klikk her for litt ekstra info om bulgarsk språk.

Simple Bulgarian Phrases

Her kan du lære noen få enkle bulgarske uttrykk.

Elementary Online Bulgarian Grammar

Det bulgarske alfabetet, stavemåte (hovedregler), fonetiske regler, parts of speech: substantiv, pronomen, adjektiv, verb. Det bulgarske verbsystemet.

Morphological analysis of the Bulgarian sentence

Skriv inn en bulgarsk setning.

Kyrilliske fonter på nettet

Kan lastes ned.

Last ned kyrilliske fonter

BULGARSKE ORDBØKER ONLINE

Engelsk-bulgarsk bulgarsk-engelsk ordbok

SA-ordboken på News.bg.

SA ordbokens Download Page

Hot! Last ned SA-ordboken 2002 Professional

Ectaco English-Bulgarian Dictionary Online

Gratis online ordbok, oversetter til og fra engelsk.

Rechnik: Bulgarsk ordbok

En gratis tjeneste: en gratis online ordbok for gratis bruk.

Ekspert engelsk-bulgarsk & bulgarsk-engelsk ordbok

Mer enn 200.000 oppføringer, titusenvis av uttrykk. Nedlastbar fil.

Bulgarian-English Dictionary

Bulgarsk ordbok, ved Universitetet i Plovdiv.

The Bulgarian Rechnik

Den bulgarske RECHNIK inneholder 2.365 vanlige ord og uttrykk på 6 språk: portugisisk, bulgarsk, engelsk, spansk, fransk og italiensk.

English-Bulgarian Talking Dictionary

Kjøp Ectacos bulgarske elektroniske ordbøker.

Handheld Dictionary: Language Teacher

Igjen, velkommen til Ectaco produkter!

The Alternative Bulgarian Dictionary: En ordsamling på seks (6!) ord og uttrykk som inkluderer noen av de aller styggeste bulgarske banneord, vulgarsimer og fornærmelser.

KUNST & KULTUR

Vassil Karloukovski’s Bulgarian & Macedonian Page

Urbulgarernes historie. Det urbulgarske språk, vokabular og grammatikk. Trakisk kultur.

Welkya International Web Magazine

Internettmagasin for kunst og kultur.

LIK Magazine

Bulgarsk litteratur, kunst & kultur.

Liternet

Bulgarsk online litteraturarkiv, nett bokhandel og bibliotek.

BULGARSKE OVERSETTERE

Bulgarian Text Solutions

Flerspråklig oversetterservice: profesjonelle oversettelser mellom engelsk, tysk, svensk, dansk, hollandsk, fransk, italiensk, spansk, russisk, japansk – og bulgarsk.

Bulgarsk oversetter

Oversetter bulgarsk-norsk, norsk-bulgarsk.

Vlaiko Boyadzhiev, oversetter & tolk

Oslo-basert engelsk-bulgarsk-norsk oversetter.

Bulgarsk tolkegruppe: Nettverk av bulgarske tolker – telefontolker, fremmøtetolker, osv.

Bulgarian Language Translator Service

English to Bulgarian to Norwegian to English.

Bulgarsk tolk

Tolker bulgarsk-norsk, norsk-bulgarsk.

LEARN TO SPEAK BULGARIAN

Engelsk bulgarsk parlør (Български за пътуващи)

Travlang’s quick fix phrase-finder: English.